Below are some screen grabs of WSJT-X running FT8. TIA - KG5UMH - Michael-- … JT9 is a very good mode for extremely weak signals. I haven’t included the waterfall with this as I forgot to take a ‘grab’ of it at the time! Among others, MURS Radios are used by: Walmart; Farmers; Small businesses; Security companies; Warehouses; Fishers, hunters, campers, etc. The image shows a good burst of several seconds, enough to decode OK1DIG, who is very active on 2m (and other bands). Here are two pictures received by me — the Middle one is from Hawaii (KH6AT) and the right hand one is from Sweden (SM7UZB). Amateurs (hams) use 45.45 baud (the speed) with 170Hz shift (between mark and space). Because of the fast overs, a degree of automation has been added so that the operator does not have to get flustered trying to find the right button etc. The most common modes are Martin (1 and 2) and Scottie (1 and 2). I cannot comment on this as I have not experienced it personally. Olivia can be very slow (in the order of 2-3 characters per second) but a slow contact is better than none at all! The con’s to this mode are the increased bandwidth required over PSK31, the increase in power required to maintain the same level of copy as PSK31. In red you can see the callsign D68CCC, a DXPedition to the Comoros Isl, off the coast of Western Africa, heard on the 15m band. Charly 25 vs mid/top-end SDR transcievers. Within the past decade, the methods and communications gear have evolved from basic CB or FRS radios, to now include VHF-UHF FM, HF SSB, and HF digital communications. MSK144 uses message frames of 144 bits and modulation at tone frequencies 1000 and 2000 Hz to transmit channel symbols at keying rate of 2000 baud. MT63 uses 64 different tones spread over the bandwidth of up to 2kHz. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. FT4 and FT8 are operationally similar but use T/R cycles only 7.5 & 15 s long, respectively. HF mailboxes etc. So you will either need to use patch cables to move the audio between the computer and the … JT65A is mainly used on HF and 6m. The difference between the three sub modes is the frequency shift between the tones. A slow, very narrow mode. One example of how amateur radio provides safety and service to the pubic providing otherwise impossible communications using the “Magic Band.” They use timed 60-second T/R sequences synchronized with UTC. Being resistant to fading, flutter, even under auroral conditions, a conversational QSO can be made under some of the most challenging HF conditions. MSK144 is another mode released from the K1JT stable. None of the MURS channels are assigned for the exclusive use of any user. Other variations of PSK31 are PSK16 (half bandwidth/speed of PSK31); PSK125 (4 times bandwidth/speed) and other experimental variations such as PSK10 (to be found in MultiPSK) and even PSK250. Below is a screen shot of S54T in Slovenia calling CQ on the 2m band, using FSK441. 127. views. Part 95 Subpart J. Install your digital mode software . Convention sees most digital modes using USB irrespective of frequency - even RTTY is more often than not transmitted on USB these days, simply because the software tends to default to USB. Maximum propagation distance: 2,250 km. Throb is actually quite a slow mode and is therefore probably quite resilient to the effects of fading etc. software-defined-radio transceiver. although is does take quite a time to complete a contact! The short burst at the bottom of the picture is header and callsign information whereas the longer burst is the actual data. Add your location to packet radio. PSK, or Phase Shift Keying started the digimode revolution in amateur radio. This means an individual license is not required for an entity to operate a MURS transmitter if it is not a representative of a foreign government and if it uses the transmitter in accordance with the MURS rules outlined in 47 C.F.R. BPSK63 is now the commonest variant of the PSK modes. FT8 was originally conceived in answer to requests by Dxers for a ‘faster’ alternative to JT65, for use on 6m during the brief Es openings that sometimes occur at odd times during the year. Digital Modes Software Review To Join in the Fun - Pick the Best Software to meet your needs! Because PACTOR uses error correction, it can take quite a time to send a message particularly over a less than perfect path—but the transmitting station will keep trying until the message is received perfectly. JT9 is similar to JT65 but uses only 9 tones and consumes about 10% of the bandwidth of a JT65 signal. It's also possible to take most digital modes meant to be used on HF SSB, and feed them into the audio input of an FM radio also. 4. Digital radio voice communications are becoming more commonly used in the radio spectrum. Here is a comparison chart: FRS GMRS CB Amateur Radio MURS Bands available 1 (462/467 MHz) 1 (462/467 MHz) 1 (29 MHz) (see note 1) 1 (151 MHz) Simplex channels 14 (see note 2) 22 (see note 2) 40 (see note 3) 5 (See note 7) Maximum power (PEP) 0.5 … MURS allows analog FM voice operation, and a handful of digital data & remote control modes, with specific limitations. Even DXpeditions have realised how good FT8 is and are using it in conjunction with SSB, CW and RTTY - the usual DXpedition bread and butter modes. Hell has a very distinctive ‘grating’ sound and is a narrow band mode. goTenna is not interoperable with other MURS devices, even though they operate on the same spectrum, employing "listen-before-talk" to reduce interference in the band's five channels. You must have have the capability of operating voice and digital modes specified by HQ USAF MARS. 151.880 MHz (11.25 kHz)                                 JT6m is another mode / protocol from the K1JT stable. The guide contains details and samples of many, many digital and analogue modes, including amateur, utility, commercial, professional and military types. There is a wealth of information on the web regarding BPSK (Binary PSK) and QPSK (Quadrature PSK). FT8 has tx periods of 15 seconds (compared to the JT65 tx period of 60 seconds). A ‘clean’ BPSK31 signal. These stations have unstable signal and are drifting badly. The primary use for FSK441 is to make QSO’s during meteor scatter events. Ham Radio articles with a focus on MURS. On a personal note, I do not welcome the use of CW and digital modes … TNX QSL.NET and QTH.COM by KA9FO ROS-PACTOR-FSK441-WINDRM-DIGSSTV-SSTV-MFSK-THROB-PSK31-RTTY-FHELL–OLIVIA-MT63-CW-PACKET-DSP-JT65-WINTOR-VIA SOUNDCARD BPSK31 Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav. JT65 is still the best mode for sensitivity so for real low signal work, use JT65. Enter FT8. In fldigi this is labeled "RXID" and "TXID" in the upper-right portion of the display. Reducing the input to the soundcard or reducing the output level would improve the quality of this signal. Above is a screen grab taken from my preferred FT8 software (JTDX). Digital modes are becoming more and more popular on the amateur bands. The actual speed is 30.5Bd, but it was thought ‘PSK31’ sounded much better than PSK30.5! 0. answers. Users operating analog will receive interference from digital users and will be unable to contact the digital users; this is why the FCC limits how frequently data transmissions can be sent, anything that isn't analog voice is interference to analog voice users. The decoded text is displayed on a ‘ticker tape’ display (as shown in the picture). The FCC's concern with digital modes on GMRS is the loss of interoperability with existing GMRS and FRS radios. MFSK sends data using many different tones, sent one at a time. Digital mode is defined as any computer-generated signal otherthan continuous wave (CW). Most users do not use the prefix ‘B’  when referring to BPSK. 14.108.0 rather than 14.108.3, for instance). These can be purchased fairly cheaply on eBay, or you could make one your self. The signal strengths are from about -12dB to -20dB so they range from fair to weak. Throb 1 Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav, Throb 2 Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav, Throb 4 Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav. JT65A uses 2.7Hz; JT65B uses 5.4Hz and JT65C uses a 10.8Hz inter-tone shift. digital-modes software ft8. Other restrictions on the use of MURS stations also apply. Digital voice modes such as DMR, P25, D-STAR, and System Fusion (C4FM) … RTTY (pronounced ‘Ritty’) has been around for many, many years and is still just as popular. Attached is the radio set up screen. Quadrature PSK, however, uses four phases to encode the reference signal. The image is of a Contestia 4-250 signal from RW3AS on 20m. Slow Scan TV has been popular for many years, although the vast majority these days is computer generated. This is due to the various improvements offered over traditional analogue … In red you can see the callsign, The original, complete, description of the differences between BPSK and QPSK can be found on, MFSK is similar to the commercial Piccolo system. The most common use of MURS channels is for short-distance, two-way communications using small, portable hand-held radios that function similar to walkie-talkies. For the sake of clarity, I will refer to BPSK as ‘PSK’ and QPSK will remain ‘QPSK’. 1 throb is the slowest and 4 is the quickest. FT4 takes this one stage further, with periods of just 7.5 seconds. This is how your signal should look! Even for my single element receiving station, I was hearing places that I could have only dreamed of a few years ago. The Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS) uses channels in the 151 – 154 MHz spectrum range. And you don't have to interfere with GMRS, FRS, or MURS users. If you compare it to the BPSK63 signal above, and also on the left of the picture, you can see there appears to be more information contained within the same signal, this is the easy way to visually tell QPSK from BPSK. In the below pictures, the 8/250 indicates 8 tones over a 250Hz bandwidth and 32/1000 is 32 tones over a 1kHz bandwidth. The grab below shows a very brief opening to the Czech Republic (or Czechia, as it is now known), Less than a minute. The next development of the software was to add a ‘DXpedition mode’ (known as ‘Fox & Hounds, or just F & H) where several stations/signals can be worked at the same time. If you want those modes used on the 3 above mentioned bands, you need to give the FCC a reasonable and compelling argument of what the new modes will do to improve operation among the general users. Below are descriptions of the modes/protocols, by Joe Taylor, that can be found in the WSJT-X software suite: JT4, JT9, JT65, and QRA64 use nearly identical message structure and source encoding (the efficient compression of standard messages used for minimal QSOs). Using QPSK, you can double the data throughput but keep in the same bandwidth. Signals below -17dB are likely to be too weak even for CW. modified yesterday David Cheitel 1. MFSK is very good under poor propagation conditions. I was receiving 20 or more signals on each rx period. One of the main problems encountered by the newcomer to digital modes (or digimodes as they are known) is how to identify what they are seeing / hearing. 2. answers. Throb is one of the newer digital modes and although it can be heard, it is nowhere near as popular as other modes such as PSK31 or RTTY. With that in mind I went on the bands and captured images of the most common digital modes in use at the moment. MURS stations are not allowed to be interconnected with the public switched telephone network. In the meantime computer and the internet found the way into the ham shack. FSK441 uses a baud rate of 441Bd. The difficulty of making a QSO via meteor scatter increases with frequency, so at 50MHz, it is relatively easy, but at 432MHz, it is pretty difficult and requires a good station and patience. I have set indicators in JTDX to alert me of new countries and new grid squares (New DXCC are marked in red, new Grid locator squares are marked in yellow - obviously I am more interested in those on the VHF bands but if the station is from an interesting place I will log them). FSK441 is a weak signal protocol developed by, once again, Professor Joe Taylor - K1JT. This is a mode that was co-authored by Nobel Prize Laureate Professor Joe Taylor, K1JT as part of the WSJT (Weak Signal (K1)JT)  suite. It would appear as a big, fat signal that doesn’t last very long (during the course of a usual QSO, where overs are not that long, even when chatting). And you must be able to meet the minimum participation requirement of 12 hours per quarter on-air participation in MARS operation. There is a slight trade off in sensitivity between JT65 and FT8, but most operators were willing to accept that for the increased QSO rates. Suffice it say that the invention of FT8 and other related digimodes has revolutionised amateur radio in the same, or even greater way than the introduction of SSB did. MURS radios are good for short-range communications. In the ‘old’ days of RTTY, when the methods used to generate it were mainly mechanical rather than via PC soundcard (years before the PC was invented), it was always transmitted on LSB.QPSK, however, IS sideband dependent and needs the receiving station to be using the same sideband as the transmitting station. With the surge of data modes, there has been an equal multitude of decoding software, some free, others not with which to receive and transmit these modes. FT8 has many ‘haters’, however it has many, many more ‘lovers’. PSK63 has gained popularity, with many programs now supporting this mode. There is no age restriction regarding who may operate an MURS transmitter. These modes offer enhanced message formats with support for nonstandard callsigns and even some popular contests. FT8DMC 3rd … The Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS) uses channels in the 151 – 154 MHz spectrum range. The MURS-V1 has one built-in receiver but can "watch" two channels (semi duplex). Here are a couple  of  BPSK31 signals that are badly distorted. It is a great mode when conditions are good and signals are strong, especially on the higher bands where there is more space. 2017 saw the birth and meteoric rise in popularity of a new mode called FT8. The other  common variant of BPSK31 is QPSK31,  (the ‘Q’ stands for ‘Quadrature’, rather than the usual B which is ‘Binary’ Phase Shift Keying), which is sideband dependent (i.e. MURS is licensed by rule. The generic name is CDCSS (Continuous Digital-Coded Squelch System). JT65 - JT9 (Joe Taylor 65 tones (9 tones), JT65A Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav, JT9 Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav. This is also designed for weak signal working on the VHF bands. HAM RADIO HF DIGITAL MODES SOFTWARE INFORMATION AND LIST Also includes a link to help you identify the sounds of ham radio digital communications signals. The militia-patriot movement in America has embraced radio communications in a big way. For some, this has been the difference between being able to make contacts on air or not. MSK144 is designed for Meteor Scatter on the VHF bands. In ‘Es’ openings, signals are usually strong so this is not much of an issue. This is down to, in no small part, to K1JT and his amazing software - or rather the invention of the weak signal modes tailored to each type of propagation and band. Robot still has a following (Robot images are quite small and are usually green in colour). Similar services include General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) and Family Radio Service (FRS). The Hell signal is on the left of the picture (with the green flag above it), with an MFSK signal on the right—note the bandwidth required for the MFSK signal compared to the Hell signal. The name Throb actually describes the sound the mode makes - the sound fades up and down in intensity, just as a throbbing pain would. This is known as FSK or Frequency Shift Keying. The usual data rate on HF is 300 baud, with 1200 and 9600 baud being common place at VHF and UHF. asked Feb 9 at 4:35 BarsMonster 357. So be careful of the type of digital mode you chose. Slow Scan TV has been popular for many years, although the vast majority these days is computer generated. Key Features. Compared to Olivia, Contestia needs signals to be around 2-3dB stronger to get the same results. § 95.2771 MURS emission types. I’ve not used F & H as the fox, obviously, but have seen how the hounds part operates, many times. Since FT8, and some other newer modes such as FT4, MSK144 and FSK441, we have discovered that 2m and other bands are open far more often than previously thought. Even though RTTY is a digital mode, it uses more than the 60Hz that is allowed. That said, I have been amazed at what I have picked up on 2m. Basically, if you double the speed of transmission (31 vs 63 Bd) you will also double the bandwidth required for that transmission (31 vs 63Hz, approx). Pactor I has a data throughput of 200 Bd. MURS is authorized five channels that were previously in the industrial/business radio service and were known as the “color dot” frequencies in Part 90 of the FCC rules. The FCC has set aside 5 VHF radio channels, limited to 2 watts of transmit RF power, for license free use in the United States. Posted date: May 08, 2020 in: News ... Digital Modes. Once established the transmission of data can begin. There are one or two multimode packages that support PSK250, but I don’t recall ever seeing it used on air. Oh boy, FT8 was taken up with a fervour like never before. Weak signals can now be decoded in very close proximity to much stronger signals. It is about 2 dB more sensitive than JT65 while using less than 10% of the bandwidth. A whole QSO can take place in 1 min 30 (or even less), 4 times faster than was possible previously. The high tone is 2125Hz (Europe) or 2295Hz (America), with the lower tone 170Hz below those (1955/2125Hz). MT63 is an orthagonal frequency division multiplexed (or OFDM) data mode, which was developed by SP9VRC. The popular new digital mode that works when conditions are tough! For Sporadic E, FT8 or FT4 seem to do the job just fine. There are a multitude of multimode programs that can decode/encode PSK, and, usually, many others too. Even weak signals can be decoded as your eye/brain combination can ‘fill in the blanks’ where the signal fades.Here is a waterfall of a Hell signal, together with a decode (showing how it appears on screen), Packet (HF - 300bd) Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav. It is not, quite as robust as Olivia, but the plus side is that the speed of transmission is faster. Digital modes 154.5700 MURS Digital Over FM Various F3D 4 CTCSS 123.0 Digital modes Digital Modes. All users must share these frequencies and not cause interference to each other. VISIT BAOFENGTECH.COM AND MIKLOR.COM FOR DOWNLOADS AND HELP Chapter 4. Use an isolated audio interface for the best results. There is lots of experimentation going on there! No MURS transmitter shall, under any condition of modulation, transmit more than 2 watts transmitter power output. These days, virtually all RTTY is done by the computer/soundcard combination (AFSK - Audio Frequency Shift Keying). Love it or loathe it FT8 has made its indelible mark on the face of our hobby. This page contains a description of many of the popular HF digital modes software. RTTY Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav. This is probably due to overdriving. DominoEX is a digital mode using MFSK (Multi-Frequency Shift Keying), used to send data (for example, hand-typed text) by radio. APRS. Using either JT9 or JT65, world-wide QSOs are possible with power levels of a just a few watts and small/compromised antennas. Again, I don’t recall seeing it used on air. A downside to this increase in speed is that decoding errors are more likely.the main variants of QPSK are: QPSK31, QPSK63 and QPSK125 (all USB - very rarely is LSB used). The pro’s for this mode are the fact that data is sent and received at twice the rate of normal PSK31, so is great for chatting and contest exchanges. MFSK8 Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav, MFSK16 Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav. The usual variant of MFSK is MFSK16, but other types such as MFSK 8 are in development, along with other modes similar  to MFSK (such as Domino). This is an example of meteor scatter propagation. HELLSCREIBER Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav, Hellschreiber (or Hell as it is commonly known) is a bit different from most other data modes. Over the past few years, the number of operators using one of the numerous forms of data (or digimode) has exploded. Apparently people do this with PSK31, although this is a horrible use of spectrum since FM-modulated-PSK31 spreads your transmitter power over a much wider bandwidth than PSK31 alone. Pactor I is still used by hams all around the world, as well as by some Government (and Non Government) and diplomatic departments from various countries. 0. votes. The trade off is a drop in sensitivity by a few dB. BTECH MURS-V1, MURS Two-Way Radio, License Free Two-Way Radio Channel Skip: Easily add or remove a channel from the scanning list - if you have a nuisance channel, just skip it. Most SSTV programs handle these modes and others too. The Bernstein iModes are psychotherapeutic tools, developed by Dr. David Bernstein, an expert on personality disorders. The software builds a list of callers and the DX operator just works their way through the list. Olivia Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav. QPSK transmits two bits per character/symbol, whereas BPSK uses just a single bit per symbol. JT6m Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav. JT6m was designed specifically for the 6m band and to take advantage of the various propagation enhancements that are prevalent  on that band.. FSK441 Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav. Commercial stations commonly use 50 or 100 baud with shifts of 425 or even 850Hz. With the fast tx/rx periods, you can work many stations in just a few minutes. 4. FSK441 has only been in use for a few years, but has enabled even modest stations the chance to work some very interesting DX on 50, 70, 144 and 432MHz. Because every PC, laptop and mobile device has built in sound capability, all you really need is your radio and an audio lead to connect from the sound device to the radio. FT8 has allowed operators with poor antennas and/or low power restrictions to work all over the world. In fact , you can miss out the audio lead and use the microphone to pick up the sound from the speakers. Robot still has a following (Robot images are quite small and are usually green in colour). MT63 is very robust, not only to propagation variations, but is also very tolerant to mis-tuning. Digital Two Way Radio : KG-D2000: UV Dual Bands Analogue Radio : KG-UV9D(Plus) Single Band Analogue Radio : KG-UV980P: Repeater Station : KG-998: Car Mobile Radio : KG-V55: Smart System Radio : KG-WV8: Two Way Radio Accessory : KG-UV9D Mate: RADIO CATALOG : HOT SALES They may only last for a few minutes - sometimes not long enough to complete a QSO using JT65 (which can take upto 6 minutes). Stream ad-free or purchase CD's and MP3s now on Amazon. But modes like PSK31 and PACTOR 3 use only 50Hz and should be safe modes to use. Is Transmitting On FRS, GMRS & MURS With Ham Radios (Baofeng) Legal? This is a mode that was co-authored by Nobel Prize Laureate Professor Joe Taylor, K1JT as part of the WSJT (, Above is a screen grab taken from my preferred FT8 software (JTDX). Literally filling the 2-2.5kHz slot that had been settled on with hundreds of signals. Each tone element ('symbol') can carry several bits of data. A MURS transmitter must be certified by the FCC. MFSK is very good under poor propagation conditions. DX was everywhere! Because of the wide bandwidth, MT63 is usually confined to 14MHz and above, where there is sufficient space to accommodate it. The channel frequencies and (bandwidth) are: 151.820 MHz (11.25 kHz)                                 Differences between Binary and Quadrature PSK: Binary PSK is sideband independent, meaning the transmitting station can be using either USB or LSB to send the data and the receiving station can decode the data no matter which sideband is used. Several of these packet BBS/mailboxes can be heard chirping around 14.1MHz. Pactor Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav. It also made no difference if I used USB or USB digital. Bear in mind that this list is not exhaustive and there will be many modes not covered (yet), FT8 & FT4 (Franke-Taylor design, 8 (4) FSK modulation), FT8 Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav, FT4 Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav. JT65 on HF. FSK441 uses message frames of 441bits. Read more . The limit of FT8 is around -24dB, that is VERY weak indeed. Not only does JT9 use rrmuch less bandwidth, it is also about 2dB more sensitive than JT65. JT65 has three sub modes: (T65A, JT65B and JT65C. While many newer transceivers have built in sound cards that make configuration for digital modes easier‚ the FT-891 does not have a built in sound card. A stable and ‘clean’ transmitter is vital when using narrow modes such as PSK31 and it’s variants so as not to cause QRM to nearby stations, BPSK63 Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav, BPSK125 Audio Samples (Click on desired format): ogg - mp3 - wav. As the software has been improved and the decoders carefully tweaked or rewritten, the number of successful decodes has increased. A MURS transmitter must transmit only emission types A1D, A2B, A2D, A3E, F2B, F1D, F2D, F3E, and G3E. Per 47 C.F.R. Because PSK31 has a signal bandwidth of only 31Hz, many signals can fit into the same bandwidth that would be occupied by a single SSB signal (2.4kHz approx). Years ago the only way to get on RTTY was to use a mechanical terminal unit such as the Creed ‘7’ series, which were big, noisy and messy. Quality can be very good, even over long distance paths. When receiving a Hell signal, your eyes do the filtering! Peter Martinez, G3PLX devised the protocol for PSK and once it was released into the ham community, it became an instant hit. The wide spread ownership of personal computers that have digital sound cards allows radio amateurs to develop new modes of digital communication. The usual variant of MFSK is MFSK16, but other types such as. All of these modes have their QPSK ‘Twin’: Here is a waterfall shot of QPSK63 (the wider of the signals). JT65 and QRA64 were designed for EME ("moonbounce") on the VHF/UHF bands; JT65 has also proved popular and effective for worldwide QRP communication at HF. The PSK125, although much faster, takes 4 times the bandwidth and requires 4 times the power for the same s/n ratio as PSK31. For one of the most (if not THE most) comprehensive signal identification guide/archive, visit: https://www.sigidwiki.com/wiki/Signal_Identification_Guide. Welcome to my personal page,website about radio amateur digital modes since 1999. Even a simple system will allow you to hear signals on 2m from all over the country, and very often, further afield. The below left image is of an MFSK16 signal, and the below right image is of an MFSK32 signal (which as you can see is nearly 500Hz wide, twice as wide as an MFSK16 signal). Seeing a ‘waterfall’ of signals was confusing to us, as we were used to ‘single signal’ working. Tthese events are fairly common, with several major showers taking place each year, as the travelling earth passes through the debris of various comets and asteroids. The transmit and receive periods for JT65 are 47.8 seconds, but each period starts on the next whole minute - this means there are approximately 12 seconds where the PC can decode the received signal, or be in standby for the next receive period,  having just transmitted. However, that did not stop the curious from trying it on HF. - MURS Information and FCC Declaration THE BTECH MURS-V1 IS FCC PART 95J CERTIFIED FOR MURS USAGE FCC NOTICE AND DECLARATION This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. I haven’t included the waterfall with this as I forgot to take a ‘grab’ of it at the time! The picture shows the PACTOR signal trying to establish contact. Since I could not find an IC-746Pro in the radio list I used the Icom Amateur Radios (Early) like I did with the IC-706. A signal of 0dB or above can be considered strong to very strong, easily strong enough for CW and probably SSB. MFSK is sideband dependant, so you must have your receiver set to the correct sideband in order to decode it properly. If you jump to PSK125, then it is a very fast mode, but takes up 125Hz of bandwidth. The image below shows that a good number of signals can inhabit a single 3.5kHz channel without causing problems to other users. The usual range of communications between MURS stations is less than a few miles; connecting a MURS radio to an external antenna can extend the range to ten miles or more. 154.570 MHz (20.00 kHz)                                 The most common modes are Martin (1 and 2) and Scottie (1 and 2). One advantage for the digital modes versus FM, SSB and AM is the small bandwidth and therefore the insensitive against QRM and QRN. MFSK is similar to the commercial Piccolo system.

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